Method and system for generating a control system user interface

ABSTRACT

A graphical user interface for an industrial control system including a computer. The graphical user interface includes a display device. A plurality of process graphics including at least one software object for controlling and/or monitoring real world objects controlled by the control system are arranged such that elements of at least a portion of at least one software object may be displayed on the interface displayed on the display device. Computer program instructions generate and display in the graphical user interface a main view including a first process graphic in a window. The first process graphic is a member of a predetermined group of process graphics. The main view includes a designated view including at least one tab directly linked to other members of the predetermined group. Selecting one of the tabs allows the user to navigate to one of the predetermined group of process graphics.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of co-pending application Ser. No.12/528,992 filed Aug. 27, 2009, which was the national phase under 35U.S.C. §371 of PCT/EP2008/051713 filed 13 Feb. 2008, and claims priorityto European patent application 07103132.2 filed 27 Feb. 2007.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The invention concerns method and system for automatically providingimproved navigation means in a user interface in an industrial controlsystem. In particular the invention provides improved navigation to agraphic user interface for monitoring or controlling a part of anindustrial control system.

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND

In the supervisory control of industrial plants there is continual andgenerally increasing requirement for information about plant equipment,current and historic process data, trends, etc. This information istypically provided by the control system and usually in the form of oneor more distributed control systems (DCS) and/or supervisory control anddata acquisition (SCADA) systems. With the increases in computing powerand advances in communication and computerized measurement there is anincreasing amount of data available for the operators.

The information is often presented to the operators through a displayscreen showing process graphics that presents process data(measurements, values), tag identifiers, equipment ID, alarm status,connections between plant equipment, etc. As more and more data ispresented to the operators, the visual user interfaces each often holdvery much information.

The task of finding the relevant technical information for a giventechnical subject or condition in a large information space is furthercomplicated by the fact that in many situations the operator often haslimited time available to make a decision. The significance of theinformation available will vary with the current situation. That is,users of industrial control systems have to deal at least in part with acontext sensitivity problem, as in some contexts certain informationwill be essential and in others irrelevant.

U.S. Pat. No. 6,542,796 entitled Methods and apparatus for integrating,organizing, and accessing flight planning and other data onmultifunction cockpit displays, to Gibbs, assigned to HoneywellInternational Inc. describes methods for integrating, organizing, andaccessing flight planning and other data on cockpit displays inaircraft. Different parts of a flight plan and/or information aboutdifferent functions may be displayed in a series of windows eachaccessed by a selecting a known graphic display feature in computersystems called a tab.

In U.S. Pat. No. 6,002,398 entitled Navigation between property pageswith tabs and menus, assigned to Novell, Inc., a method is described fordisplaying a tabbed dialog box, a property sheet, which has at least onechild window. The parent window or property sheet has a multipleassociated, displayable child windows. However at run time the describedprogram loads all of the objects, including graphics, for all the childwindows after user initiates the action which represents a heavy load onprocessor, display and system resources at runtime.

WO01/02953 describes a method for integration of many and various typesof applications in a computerized system. This method is based on aconcept where real world objects are represented as composite. Differentfacets of a real world object, such as its physical location, thecurrent stage in a process, a control function, an operator interactionetc., are described as different aspects of the composite object. Inthis application, composite objects as defined by WO01/02953 arereferred to as aspect objects.

A feature of the method described in WO01/02953 is that aspect objectscan be organized in structures. A structure of aspect objects is ahierarchy of object instances. It may be based on any type of relationsbetween aspect object instances. An aspect object can be placed inseveral structures at the same time, where the different structuresrepresent different relations, e.g. functional and physical containment(functional structure and location structure).

A further application of the method of WO01/02953 is described inUS-2002-0046290-A1. A meta-object representing an entity is typicallyrepresented in several hierarchical structures at the same time within acontrol system. For example, a certain piece of process equipment has acertain position in a functional structure depending on the functionalbreakdown of the plant. It has also a physical position, and thus it hasa place in a location structure. The same piece of equipment maycurrently be allocated to a certain production order, so it belongs toan order structure. Because it is used to produce a certain product, italso fits in a product structure.

Finding the right information in control systems is often difficultbecause the information space is so large. There are often 10s ofthousands of individual tag names and hundreds or thousands of processgraphics, so that the task of navigation between control interfaces fordifferent parts of processes is often difficult or time consuming. Themost common navigation method is to have links arranged with or aroundthe process graphics. The navigation methods are otherwise limited toback/forward and history, context menu, display shortcut buttons and thelike. Although different navigation schemes have been proposed theyoften demand considerable additional engineering or considerable systemresources, or both.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to an aspect of the present invention an improvement isprovided in the form of a method for providing an operational interfacefor an industrial control system wherein a designated view provides tabsfor navigation between process graphics. The tabs are however useddifferently than what is common from other domains, as they representsome of the navigational opportunities available to the user, in steadof providing access to already open documents.

According to an embodiment of the present invention an improvement isprovided in the form of a method for providing a user interface withimproved navigation features for an industrial control system comprisinga computer and a display device said system further comprising softwareobjects for controlling and/or monitoring real world objects controlledby said control system, said system being further arranged with aplurality of process graphics comprising one or more said softwareobjects, wherein said method further includes displaying on said userinterface a main view comprising a first said process graphic in awindow arranged with a designated view, the designated view beingarranged with one or more tabs, and generating a designated view for agroup of process graphics in which said designated view each tab islinked with a process graphic that is a member of said group, andproviding the designated view with one or more tabs with a direct linkto other members of the said group of process graphics, and directlydisplaying, upon selection of one of the one or more tabs, anotherprocess graphic so selected from the said group in said industrialcontrol system.

According to an embodiment of the present invention an improvement isprovided in the form of a method for providing a user interface for anindustrial control system comprising software objects for controllingand/or monitoring real world objects controlled by said control system,said system being arranged with a plurality of process graphicscomprising one or more said software objects, which said method furtherincludes displaying a main view comprising a first said process graphicin a window arranged with a designated view, the designated view beingarranged with one or more tabs, wherein said method further comprisesautomatically generating a link to each process graphic in the saidprocess graphic group dependent on sharing a common process context.

According to an embodiment of the present invention an improvement isprovided in the form of a method for providing a user interface for anindustrial control system comprising software objects for controllingand/or monitoring real world objects controlled by said control system,said system being arranged with a plurality of process graphicscomprising one or more said software objects, which said method furtherincludes displaying a main view comprising a first said process graphicin a window arranged with a designated view, the designated view beingarranged with one or more tabs, wherein said method further comprisesautomatically generating a link between a first software object in afirst process graphic and a designated view of another process graphiccontaining a second software object linked to the first software object,such that, the process graphic in a designated view arranged with tabslinked to other process graphics are each members of the said group ofprocess graphics selected sharing a logical grouping or common processcontext.

According to an embodiment of the present invention an improvement isprovided in the form of a method for providing a user interface withimproved navigation features for an industrial control system comprisingsoftware objects for controlling and/or monitoring real world objectscontrolled by said control system, said system being arranged with aplurality of process graphics comprising one or more said softwareobjects, which said method further includes displaying a main viewcomprising a first said process graphic in a window arranged with adesignated view, the designated view being arranged with one or moretabs, wherein said method further comprises linking by means of adesignated view the first software object in a first process graphic toa second software object in a second process graphic dependent on apredetermined logical grouping or common process context of a structureof aspect objects.

According to an embodiment of the present invention an improvement isprovided in the form of a method for providing an improved userinterface for an industrial control system comprising software objectsfor controlling and/or monitoring real world objects controlled by saidcontrol system, said system being arranged with a plurality of processgraphics comprising one or more said software objects, which said methodfurther includes displaying a main view comprising a first said processgraphic in a window arranged with a designated view, the designated viewbeing arranged with one or more tabs, wherein said method furthercomprises linking by means of a designated view the first softwareobject in a first process graphic to a second software object in asecond process graphic dependent on a predetermined logical grouping orcommon process context of a structure of aspect objects for monitoringand/or control of a process section.

According to an embodiment of the present invention an improvement isprovided in the form of a method for providing a user interface withimproved navigation features for an industrial control system comprisingsoftware objects for controlling and/or monitoring real world objectscontrolled by said control system, said system being arranged with aplurality of process graphics comprising one or more said softwareobjects, which said method further includes displaying a main viewcomprising a first said process graphic in a window arranged with adesignated view, the designated view being arranged with one or moretabs, wherein said method further comprises linking by means of adesignated view the first software object in a first process graphic toa second software object in a second process graphic dependent on apreconfigured selection of a structure of aspect objects for monitoringand/or control of equipment.

According to an embodiment of the present invention an improvement isprovided in the form of a method for providing a user interface withimproved navigation features for an industrial control system comprisingsoftware objects for controlling and/or monitoring real world objectscontrolled by said control system, said system being arranged with aplurality of process graphics comprising one or more said softwareobjects, which said method further includes displaying a main viewcomprising a first said process graphic in a window arranged with adesignated view, the designated view being arranged with one or moretabs, wherein said method further comprises linking by means of adesignated view the first software object in a first process graphic toa second software object in a second process graphic dependent on apreconfigured selection of a structure of aspect objects for monitoringand/or control of a location in a plant. In a further development thepreconfigured selection of a structure of aspect objects may beconfigured by means of a default setting. In another development thepreconfigured selection of a structure of aspect objects may beconfigured by means of a a manually operated selection.

According to an embodiment of the present invention an improvement isprovided in the form of a method for providing a user interface withimproved navigation features for an industrial control system comprisingsoftware objects for controlling and/or monitoring real world objectscontrolled by said control system, said system being arranged with aplurality of process graphics comprising one or more said softwareobjects, which said method further includes displaying a main viewcomprising a first said process graphic in a window arranged with adesignated view, the designated view being arranged with one or moretabs, wherein said method further comprises linking by means of adesignated view the first process graphic to a second process graphicdependent in part on a current or historic series of steps navigatedbetween process graphics.

According to an embodiment of the present invention an improvement isprovided in the form of a method for providing a user interface withimproved navigation features for an industrial control system comprisingsoftware objects for controlling and/or monitoring real world objectscontrolled by said control system, said system being arranged with aplurality of process graphics comprising one or more said softwareobjects, which said method further includes displaying a main viewcomprising a first said process graphic in a window arranged with adesignated view, the designated view being arranged with one or moretabs, wherein said method further comprises linking by means of adesignated view the first process graphic to a second process graphicdependent in part on a software object being present in both processgraphics.

According to an embodiment of the present invention an improvement isprovided in the form of a method for providing a user interface withimproved navigation features for an industrial control system comprisingsoftware objects for controlling and/or monitoring real world objectscontrolled by said control system, said system being arranged with aplurality of process graphics comprising one or more said softwareobjects, which said method further includes displaying a main viewcomprising a first said process graphic in a window arranged with adesignated view, the designated view being arranged with one or moretabs, wherein said method further comprises maintaining a givendesignated view arranged with a tab which tab is visible at all times onan operator display.

According to an embodiment of the present invention an improvement isprovided in the form of a method for providing a user interface withimproved navigation features for an industrial control system comprisingsoftware objects for controlling and/or monitoring real world objectscontrolled by said control system, said system being arranged with aplurality of process graphics comprising one or more said softwareobjects, which said method further includes displaying a main viewcomprising a first said process graphic in a window arranged with adesignated view, the designated view being arranged with one or moretabs, wherein said method further comprises hiding a given designatedview arranged with a tab on an operator display when one or moreconditions are met.

According to an embodiment of the present invention an improvement isprovided in the form of a method for providing a user interface withimproved navigation features for an industrial control system comprisingsoftware objects for controlling and/or monitoring real world objectscontrolled by said control system, said system being arranged with aplurality of process graphics comprising one or more said softwareobjects, which said method further includes displaying a main viewcomprising a first said process graphic in a window arranged with adesignated view, the designated view being arranged with one or moretabs, wherein said method further comprises displaying context-sensitiveinformation in a subtab view of the selected designated view.

This invention describes using a designated view for navigationalpurposes in an industrial control system. The designated view isnormally placed alongside a process graphic view, and contains visualobjects or graphic user interface (GUI) objects that act as links toother process graphics. The objects in the designated view will—whenclicked—lead to a new process graphic being loaded into the processgraphic view. The objects in the designated view can be aligned alongone or more rows, and can have a variety of graphical appearances. Thevisual or GUI objects in the designated view can be tabs, buttons,ribbons, links, or other similar objects. For clarity, tabs willhenceforth be used to signify any type of objects that can be used aslinks to other process graphics in the designated views.

Tabs are a set of visible graphic objects comprising one or more linksto other process graphics. Tabs are normally placed aligned along (oneor more) edges (in one or more rows/alignments) of a process graphic.However, the intended usage is not similar to the use of tabs in manyother domains. In this invention, the tabs display links to some or allprocess graphics within a subgroup of the totality of process graphics.The invention relates to providing as a means of navigation between theprocess graphics in an industrial control system a view of a givenprocess graphic arranged with a tab means to make active or select thegiven process graphic. The process graphic arranged in a view or pane orwindow with a tab is here called a designated view. The tabs of adesignated view are used to navigate through process graphics that arepredetermined as related by a process context of the industrial controlsystem. This is in contrast to the traditional usage of tabs, where theyare used to navigate between already-open windows.

Process graphics in a group of context-related process graphics thathave been predetermined to be related by a technical context may beidentified and linked at run time automatically using hierarchicalstructures of software objects in an industrial control system forcontrol of an industrial process. The designated views so generated areused in the present invention for navigating or browsing dependent on atechnical context. Tabbed browsing is a method of moving from one pageof process graphics to another page by clicking on a tab of each windowor pane, a process which may seem to be similar to the method of movingfrom one open window to another already-open window which has been usedin office applications and web browsers. However, according to theinvention predetermined groups including certain designated views whichare arranged with tabs may be generated automatically by as a result ofa manual or default or other selection process by then reading thehierarchical object structure in the control system software andgrouping objects according to their level in the structure, or treestructure, so that tabs for process graphics that have a commontechnical context can be generated automatically.

Process graphics are the mainstay of most industrial control systems.All of the control objects are placed in a context of one or moreprocess graphics. There are different ways to group these processgraphics, preferably based on a logical structure and/or relationship(s)between them. For example a logical group may be a group of processgraphics which monitor or control a set of related control functions. Asan example, there can be a set of top-level graphics that act asoverview graphics to the process graphics. One level down the processgraphics that show the functionality for one area of this top-level arearranged. Subsequently, at a lower level than that, there are the detailgraphics that show details for one or a few of the components in theprocess graphics.

In addition there can be other groupings of logically related processgraphics, or operations related process graphics, such as shutdownmatrices, fire & gas graphics or other functionally separated graphicsfor the top-level area. These different graphics could be grouped forexample such that:

-   All top-level overview graphics are grouped together-   All process graphics in one top-level area are grouped together-   All detail graphics for one process graphic are grouped together-   All shutdown matrices or other functional graphics are grouped    together

It is known to use a tab or tab view in general-purpose computerprograms to navigate or switch between already-open windows, in programssuch as web browsers, spreadsheets, programming tools. In contrast tonavigation between already-open windows, configuration and interactionwith navigation tabs according to the present invention gives the userthe opportunity to easily see which navigational choices are availablefrom the current location, and will display the process graphic linkedto by the tab which is selected by the user. Which navigational choicesthat are made available to the user at any time is determined based onthe currently displayed process graphic and which other process graphicor graphics are logically grouped in the same group as the currentlydisplayed process graphic. This grouping may be based on a functionalrelationship, geographic relationship, or any other logical or usefulcharacteristic in the control system. E.g. if a group is based onlocation, displaying a process graphic in area A would result in thetabs displaying some or all other process graphics in area A. If a groupis based on a functional relationship such as e.g. heating system,distillation system, separation system, electrical system,etc—displaying a process graphic from the heating system would cause thetabs to contain links to some or all other process graphics in, forexample, the heating system.

According to another aspect of the present invention, the tabs can berelated to a system, a state of the system, a specific user task,different types of users and to accompany specific user preferences asrecorded for example in user profile, user or needs. On a system levelit is important to relate the grouping arranged with a navigation tab toan application of the system or a task that is to be performed. In manycases a process graphic, or an object representation in the processgraphic may be directly linked to a control object or a configurationsetting. It is also possible to implement the invention asworkplace-tailored navigation arrangements specific to the applicationor task to be performed. In specific workplaces the tabs are used to beable to access the appropriate information for the application or taskand easily switch between a plurality of appropriate displays, ordesignated views. For example these may be operations such as start up,operate, change operation, alarm handling tasks, specific processrelated tasks, maintenance tasks, active or past work orders, emergencyactions, shut down and so on.

In addition, the user interface may also be arranged for adaptationaccording to user preferences, system state or current work tasks. Theadvantage of an adaptable or adaptive function is that it also supportsactive exploration into the system by the operators.

Embodiments of the invention may advantageously be used for controlpurposes in a control system of an oil or gas production, storage,treatment or process installation. Embodiments of the invention may alsobe used for control purposes in a control system for other industrial,manufacturing or process installations, such as in the pulp & paper, oil& gas, chemistry & life sciences, and transportation industries (such asrailway control systems), and also used in an installation forgeneration, transmission or distribution of electrical energy. Such aninstallation may comprise thousands of unique devices or tag names. Itis a great advantage that process graphics for technically relatedprocess views may be automatically accessed via a tab without requiringthe related process views to be already loaded into a window for the tabto work. This would have otherwise imposed a very heavy demand onworking memory and communication bandwidths in any control system.

The term a real world object is used in this description to describe acontrol object. The real world object may be an actual object such as apump, a motor, a valve, etc., or a more abstract object such as apurchase order, production batch, etc. The present invention is notlimited to traditional control or process control areas. Any real worldobject may be represented, as a tangible or intangible object which iscontrolled in a process, including a device or process, or a personcarrying out a stage or role in a process, or intangible objects such asmessages, a location, status of information etc.

Navigating between different process graphics, to or from differentprocess displays, and to or from different detail displays is thusprovided by one or more tabs displayed on each tab view. The navigationtabs provided by the invention may be likened to a set of simplesignposts for navigating in an otherwise array of complex andhierarchical entities. The set of tabs may be generated automaticallyfor manually predetermined or pre-programmed predetermined groups ofrelated process graphics from the underlying software objectarchitecture, the structures.

In a preferred embodiment of the methods of the invention one or moremethods may be carried out by a computing device comprising one or moremicroprocessor units or computers. The control unit(s) or controllercomprises memory means or a memory storage device for storing one ormore computer programs for carrying out the improved methods. Preferablysuch computer program contains instructions for the processor to performthe method as mentioned above and described in more detail below.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Embodiments of the invention will now be described, by way of exampleonly, with particular reference to the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram for an improved user interface forcarrying out a method in an industrial control system, and in particularwherein information is presented in a view arranged with one or moretabs according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a schematic arrangement of a groupwith a tab and a naming convention used in the method,

FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a schematic arrangement of a groupwith a tab and a naming convention used in the method,

FIG. 4 a is a schematic diagram of a display for carrying out a methodin an industrial control system, and in particular including one or moretabs and arrangement of tabs according to an embodiment of theinvention;

FIG. 4 b is a schematic diagram of a display for carrying out a methodin an industrial control system according to an embodiment of theinvention, and in particular showing further displays reachable bynavigating with one or more tabs,

FIG. 5 is a flowchart for a method to display a user interface for anindustrial control system according to an embodiment of the invention,and in particular by means of selecting on a display means a visualobject in a view provided according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 6 is a flowchart for a method to display a user interface for anindustrial control system by selecting a tab on a display means arrangedin a display relative to a view provided by according to an embodimentof the invention;

FIG. 7 is a flowchart for a method to configure an industrial controlsystem for a user interface such that the user interface is for carryingout a method in an industrial control system according to an embodimentof the invention, and in particular when the user interface issubsequently displayed after configuration, comprises one or more tabsfor switching between views according to an embodiment of the invention;and

FIG. 8 is a flowchart demonstrating an example for a method to configurean industrial control system for a user interface such that the userinterface is for carrying out a method in an industrial control systemaccording to an embodiment of the invention, and in particular forconfiguring a process area to be arranged with views each comprising oneor more tabs.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

This invention describes a system for and a method of providingnavigation means in a user interface for an industrial control systemfor supervision, maintenance and control. The trend towards operationfrom remote operation centres has introduced an increase in both thecontrol room operators' work domain and the workload as severaldifferent processes can be supervised and controlled in parallel.

FIG. 1 shows an HMI interface 1, a user interface, with improved methodsand means for navigation in a control system. The figure shows a processgraphic 2 for part of a system displayed in a main view V′″. The type ofview displayed includes a designated view according to one aspect of theinvention, which designated view, as indicated by the rectangular box 50shown with dashed lines. The designated view 5 comprises a first tab row5 which tab row is accessed by a tab, in this case tab 5 a. Tab 5 a isshown blank and without shading in FIG. 1 to indicate that it iscurrently “selected” so that the process graphic 2 which is displayed bytab 5 a is visible. Tab 5 a is also marked with a name of a controlobject in the control system, in this case HP Column. Tab 5 a is one ofseveral tabs 5 a-n arranged in the first tab row 5 of the designatedview of main view V′″. The separate tabs 5 a-n of a first tab row areshown arranged visible as they may be displayed on a display device 15showing a display of a selected process graphic 2. Process graphic 2 isa member of a predetermined group G of process graphics. All the tabsavailable with a process detail view which belong to the samepredetermined group G of process graphics are displayed in the tab row5. The unselected tabs are indicated “unselected” in the figure asgrayed or with a pattern (see also FIG. 4 a-4 b described below).

The process graphic 2 of FIG. 1 includes a number of visual objects oricons 6, 7, 8, each representing a function or aspect of a real worldobject, which real world object is controlled by software entities andsoftware objects in the control system such as software objects 10, 11.FIG. 1 also includes a group G of process graphics which have beenpredetermined by a selection or configuration process to be linked by acommon process context or relationship. Such a logical grouping as groupG may be selected by a manual configuration or by a predetermineddefault, as the group to which one or more related process graphicsbelong. The figure shows icons or pictures representing eg two processvessels C, a high pressure column and 8, a buffer tank, a pump 7, avalve 6 in a view V′″ of a process displayed by selecting by the tab 5a, which is also indicated as named Hp Column.

FIG. 1 also shows other graphical user interface control means such asnavigation buttons at the bottom right of the display. This is shown asan area of buttons, or icons or other graphical representations in apanel 3 or in a ribbon, which provide direct access to frequentlyrequired areas, and/or functions, of the control system. For example asa button to access top level sub areas in plant, a button to click on toget to new tab view at a higher level in a structure, or a button to goto different parts of the plant. A sub panel or ribbon may also be usedto select and display items such as process trends such as 13 a, 13 b,13 c, or to display items from process areas, other graphics, or detailgraphics.

FIG. 2 shows in a schematic diagram four predetermined or logicalgroupings G arranged with process graphics PG and with designated viewsincluding tabs 5 or subtabs 4. The designated view shown comprises afirst tab row 5 and a second tab row 4, as also shown in FIG. 1. In alogical or predetermined group 2 n a number of process graphics PG areshown. Each process graphic PG is a member of a logical grouping orpredetermined group G′ or G″ such that each predefined group may bearranged by means of a tab row 5′, 5″. Each of the tabs in the tab rowis a link to one of the other process graphics within the same group. Aprocess graphic of a first group G can also be related to anotherpredefined group of process graphics Gs—such as a type of group called asubgroup. This subgroup G′s or G″s can have a subtab view 4′, 4″ thatdisplays subtabs to one or more of the process graphics within thesubgroup.

FIG. 3 shows a predetermined group G′″ which is comprised as a softwareobject 11. Software object 11 contains group G′″ which in turn isarranged with a designated view 50 which is shown to comprise tabs 5a-n, and subtabs 4 a-n. Group G′″ is shown to include 5 processgraphics, 2 a-e, each of which may also be arranged with a softwareobject. This is a schematic diagram intended to show how processgraphics are related to software objects, and how one or more othersoftware objects may be used to represent a logical or predefined groupof software objects and process graphics such as G′″. The group softwareobject 11 holds a designated view 50 (which in this case includes a tabview and a subtab row view 4) that contains links to all processgraphics (2 a-e) within the predefined group it represents.

FIG. 4 a shows a user interface with a main view V displaying a processgraphic 1′ displayed on a display device 15. Main view V also has adesignated view, inside the rectangle 50 shown with dashed lines, with atab row 5 and tabs including a tab 5 a which is indicated as blank toshow that it is selected. In the designated view of main view V a secondtab row 4 is included and shown with five sub tabs. On the display asoftware object 11 generates the process graphic 2, 2 n. On the processgraphic four icons are displayed that represent other software objects10. The four icons are also indicated in FIG. 1.

FIG. 4 b shows two main views V′, V″ each provided with designated viewincluding a tab row and, in this case, a sub tab view. In view V′ aprocess graphic Detail display 01 is shown and this is accessed by meansof a subtab Gs₀₁ which is a sub group of G₀₁. Thus Detail Display 01 isreached by selecting that sub tab from the tab marked Process Display 01which is a tab in group G₀₁. Similarly as shown in main view V″ ProcessDisplay 03 is shown, which is a member of a group G03, and which alsohas one subtab marked as Detail Display 04.

FIG. 5 shows a flowchart for a method for the user initiating anavigation to a new process graphic by selecting a software object inanother process graphic or a previous process graphic:

-   40. User selects a software object in a process graphic; eg by    clicking on an icon or other visual object,-   41. Interface displays process graphic related to selected software    object in the main view;-   42. Interface detects the predetermined group of the selected    process graphic;-   43. Interface detects the predetermined tab level of the selected    process graphic;-   44. Interface displays the logical group at the correct tab level;-   45. Interface determines which logical groups are parent and    children;-   46. Interface displays selected parent and children tab levels; ie    tabs for all available process detail views are displayed,-   47. Interface highlights selected tab in designated view;

FIG. 6 shows a flowchart for a method for navigating in a complexsystem, accessing a desired view of eg a process graphic which is amember in a logical predetermined group of process graphics, namely byselecting a tab, such as tab 5 a in FIGS. 1, 2, 3 a-b:

-   50. User selects a tab;-   51. Interface removes highlighting from previously selected subtab,    if any;-   52. Interface displays new process graphic in main view;-   53. Interface detects the appropriate tab level of the selected    process graphic;-   54. Interface displays the logical group at the correct tab level;-   55. Interface determines which logical groups are parent and    children;-   56. Interface displays selected parent and children tab levels;-   57. Interface highlights selected tab in tab view.

FIG. 7 shows a configuration method that establishes which objects of apredetermined group of process graphics shall be configured to bedisplayed in a view arranged with a tab. The method comprises at leastthe steps of:

-   60. System initiates an automated search for objects in a structure;-   61. Interface searches for top level objects;-   62. Interface finds a new object that meets tab criteria, results in    either No, then Stop, or Yes then-   63. Interface stores tab object *1,-   64. Interface checks if child object shall be searched, if No the    the Interface stops or goes back to step 61;-   65. if yes then Interface searches for children, then-   66. reiterates in effect steps 62, 63 and on finding a new (child)    object that meets tab criteria-   67. stores tab object *1; then-   68. reiterates in effect steps 62, 63 and on finding a new (child)    object that meets tab criteria-   69. stores tab object *1;-   until each new object, and any child object of it, has been found    and stored as a tab object *1 where-   storing the tab object *1 may comprise steps such as    -   interface determines a logical grouping of an object, and    -   interface stores tab for the object according to the logical        grouping.

When evaluating a new object the Interface may access DATA to obtaincriteria which may be used to determine whether an object should beincluded in a logical grouping of a tab or not. The tabs are notrefreshed during normal operation, and so new objects are only searchedfor and added during commissioning, or during maintenance etc., with theoption updating following a manual request. Thus as shown in FIG. 7 tabsmay also be generated automatically and depending on the position ofobjects in a hierarchical structure of a control system.

FIG. 8 shows a flowchart of an example of an application of the methodfor configuring tabs and tab fields. FIG. 8 includes a diagram of astructure 9 for a Process Area 01 which comprises a number of childobjects which are software objects Process Display 01, Process Display02, Process Display 03, Matrix Display 01, Matrix Display 02, MatrixDisplay 03. Process Display 01 has two child objects, Detail Display 01and Detail Display 02. Process Display 02 has one child object, DetailDisplay 03, as has Process Display 03 which has child object DetailDisplay 04.

In an application of the basic engineering method, configuration methodof FIG. 8 the following steps occur:

-   60. System initiates an automated search for objects in a structure;    as in FIG. 6,-   71. Interface searches for child objects of a software object,    Process Area 01,-   72. Decision made for Does a new child object exist;-   66′. If yes, Does it meet tab criteria (from DATA);-   S1. If yes the Interface checks logical grouping of process graphic    and-   72. adds to Process Logical group or-   73. adds to Matrix logical group and-   S2. stores the tab object according to its logical grouping; may be    stored S2 in some way associated with the logical grouping    established in 72 or 73,-   65′ Interfaces searches for child objects of the Process Object, eg    Process Display 01,-   75. Decision for does a new child object exist (of Detail Display    01);-   66′. If yes, does it meet tab criteria (from DATA);-   80. If yes, then added to a Detail logical group, a logical group    that is identified dependent on position of an object such as Detail    Display 01 or 02 in the structure 9.

Step 60 is so numbered because it is essentially the same step as 60 ofFIG. 6; likewise step 66′ and 66″ is like step 66 of FIG. 6 which ineffect reiterated steps 62,63 on finding a new (child) object andchecking tab criteria; and step 65′, searching for a new child object,is essentially the same as 65 of FIG. 6. The tabs may be stored S2 afterdetermining which logical group they belong to, and optionally tabobjects for each logical grouping may be stored separately in some way,as indicated by the S2 blocks shown with a dotted line for each logicalgrouping.

The software object such as 10 or 11 of FIG. 4 a can be placed inseveral different structures at the same time in a control system, wherethe different structures represent different relations, e.g. functionaland physical containment. Thus relations may be such as functionalstructure eg electrical system, process section, piping layout; andlocation structure may be a building location, area location, roomlocation, which storey or level, and so on. The same pump or filter maybe represented in a process diagram, a location in a plant by building,floor, and area etc as well as in an electrical diagram, a detailprocess diagram, a process piping diagram and so on, which may be in asimilar way as the structures described in WO01/02953 orUS-2002-0046290-A1, of which the latter is hereby incorporated in thisspecification in its entirety by means of this reference.

The tabs can also show more information than just the graphic it linksto. For example it may be arranged to display dynamic information suchas information about how many top-level alarms are active in the graphiccurrently displayed by selecting the present tab. The tabs can also beconfigured based on the user or the user's role, workstation or otherpersonalization criteria. Certain of the tabs can be visualized withdistinguishing factors based on type or level. It is important thatdifferent functional information on a display may be quickly identifiedaccording to its purpose by an operator, and with a minimum of effort.This ease of identification is particular important for the operator tofind the most relevant information during an alarm or emergencysituation. Functionally appropriate and task or operator adapteddisplays are also important to reduce unnecessary effort which may leadto operator fatigue. For example, top-level tabs have one visualappearance, or look & feel, and detail graphics have another. Such aconfiguration can conveniently be stored as a xml-file or otherstructured text format.

The tabs can be implemented for example as one object on the top-level,or one object for each of the functional areas. The tabs can also bearranged into a separate panel, so the tabs do not need to be includedin all process graphics. The tab configuration can also includefiltering to only include objects relevant to an operator interface.

As described above tab configuration can be configured or engineered torelate to logical groupings related to one or more functions, such asworking tasks, system status, information types and user preferences.This may be done on a one-off basis during initial engineering or set-upof a system, or carried out at a later stage during a system update, orboth. There are at least two basic ways to relate presentation objectsin a tabbed view. The tab view can either be predefined to include a setof objects or configured based on properties of the presentationobjects. These two approaches are not exclusive and a single object canrelate to both predefined tabs and to a local tab for a group ofpresentation objects used in a single presentation. Predefined tabs mayrelate to work tasks, system states, user preferences or informationtypes. Local tabs may for example may be groups of default, or manuallyconfigured, determinations that relate to system states, userpreferences and information types.

The grouping of these information objects can be done according to manydifferent criteria. Examples for such a predetermined group ofinformation objects related to a series of process graphics might be tomake or configure groups of objects according to presentation mode (e.g.textual, graphical, auditory, visual), data type (current/historic,analog/digital), functional aspects (electrical, process, coolingsystem, fire & gas, etc) or other logical relationships.

In performing different tasks and in the supervision of differentprocess states, the operator will have different requirements forinformation. That means that the information presented needs to becontext sensitive. An example of a state of a process that createsspecific information needs and increased workload for the operator isstart-up and shutdown of the plant. Such information may be arranged asone or more Matrix displays subtab views, see for example structure 9 inFIG. 8.

The improved navigation in a control system provided by this inventionmay also be arranged to use the structures of objects in a softwarearchitecture of a control system, such as the control system supplied byABB called 800xA, to generate tabs for browsing or navigating in acomplex hierarchical system. The tabs may be configuredsemi-automatically. The predetermined group of process graphics may beconfigured, for example by a default setting, and/or by a manuallyoperated selection. By automatically reading a hierarchical objectstructure of a process graphic that has been configured, manuallyselected or selected as a default, objects may be logically groupedrelative to a function in the control system and according to theirlevel in a tree structure, and the tabs can be generated automatically.There are different ways to group these process graphics in a viewselected by a tab, based on a process context and the logical structureand/or relationships between them.

In a preferred embodiment the visual objects or graphic elements orother objects that make up the desired process graphic of interest in amain view which are displayed by selecting a “new” tab are only loadedinto memory on selection of the tab for the first time in a usersession, so that the system resources consumed by these methods areminimal. The data for the objects or elements making up a processgraphic may, dependent on preferences and use of resources, be retainedin memory during a session after it has been loaded for a first time butno longer being actively displayed in an open window.

In another embodiment, each process graphic of each designated viewlinked to a currently open designated view may be loaded into memorybefore a tab is selected but according to a predetermined priority. Forexample using FIG. 3 to explain a possible priority, begin with openingand loading into from memory FIG. 4 b the lower designated view V″. Theprocess graphic and all other objects in of V″ are loaded. When the viewV″ and all the objects shown for the currently selected designated viewof the tab labelled Process Display 03 have loaded, then some or all ofthe objects in each of the designated views linked with tabs labelledProcess Display 01 and Process Display shown in view V″ may be preloadedinto memory, even before any of the designated views have been selected.

According to a development of the invention, more than one array of tabsmay be grouped according to a logical place in a parent-child hierarchyfor a software object. Thus in FIG. 4 a a display device 2 schematicallydisplays an interface 1′ on a main view part of a graphical display. Ona secondary part of the graphical display a designated view 50 includesa tab row 5 is shown including four tabs, of which one is blank toindicate that it is currently selected, and three tabs shown with apattern (grayed) to indicate not-selected or inactive. In addition, asecond row of five tabs, subtabs 4 are shown on the display. The subtabsprovide access to process graphics present which are logically relatedthe selected tab (which selected tab represents a given process graphicfrom a higher level in the structure). In terms of the example processdetail graphics such as Detail Display 01 and Detail Display 02associated with Process Display 01 may be accessed by the sub tabs 4 onthe subtab view. Thus selecting tab 5 a of FIG. 4 a results in loadingand displaying the corresponding process graphic in the view V, and theloading and displaying of the subtabs 4 in the view V. Likewise theselection in FIG. 4 b of subtab Detail Display 01 in view V′ has loadedand displayed the Detail Display 01 process graphic in the view V′.

FIG. 4 b illustrates the displays generated from a structure 9, in moredetail. The upper view shows how the displays are provided for ProcessDisplay 01 and its child objects. The tab 5 for Process display 01 hastwo subtabs 4 associated with it, Detail Display 01 and Detail Display02. This relationship is automatically constructed from the structure,and may be seen in the structure that software object Process Display 01has two child objects Detail Display 01 and 02. In the example viewshown in FIG. 4 b upper, Detail Display 01 is shown selected and the tabto access Detail Display 02 is grayed. The second, lower, view alsoreflects the structure diagram. It shows a Process Display 03 which hasone associated subtab only, which is Detail Display 04. Thus the usercan switch via a tab between Process Display 04 and its associated childobject, Detail Display 04.

Tabs may be predetermined or pre-configured according to differentcontrol operations or work processes carried out in a plant. Maintenancepersonnel, for example, need specific information in order to planmaintenance, such as run-time measurements, vibration measurements,maintenance alerts/alarms, active or past work orders connected to theequipment etc. Specific tabs with maintenance information can be madeavailable to maintenance personnel, allowing him or her to work in thesame system as the control room operators but with different informationpresented or the same type of information presented but grouped indifferent ways depending on a maintenance etc function or task.

The invention relates to systems that are used by operators in controlrooms today, but may also be very relevant for new types of control roominterfaces. Current control room interfaces are normally based ondesktop computers with one or more desktop monitors and/or one or morelarge screens. The concept could be used in such a setting, but it couldalso be used for mobile interaction devices such as tablet-pc's, mobilephones, electronic paper, virtual or augmented reality systems, PDAs,multi-modal interfaces, etc.

The method can be used on any system for process informationvisualization that is used to present groups of information that can beof varying relevance to the operator depending on the current context.The process visualization system can for example be P&ID based graphics,abstraction hierarchies, model-based representations, 3D visualizationsor abstract visualizations of process information. A description of a 3Drepresentation of an industrial process arranged in conjunction with acontrol system is described in application U.S. 60/6677,080, whichspecification is hereby included in its entirety by means of thisreference.

As described in reference to a preceding embodiment, the tab of a mainview V, V′, V″ comprising a designated view with one or more tabs may beautomatically generated based on a hierarchical object relationship andused to navigate to one or more parts of the control system. The tabsthus represent improved navigation opportunities for the operator, soclicking on a tab will take the operator to a different location in thecontrol system. In this embodiment, the tabs are thus mainly a means fornavigating between process graphics. This to be understood to be instark contrast to the concept of using tabs for moving betweencurrently-open windows, a function which is applied in spreadsheetprograms and web browsers.

In an international application WO2006103541 A1 entitled Method andsystem for providing a user interface, hereby incorporated in full inthis specification by means of this reference, it is described thatinformation is presented at least in part displayed in layers or filterson one or more display screens of a control system; and that the contentfor the layers, which also provide an interface to a process state orfunction, is determined based on information available from said controlsystem, dependent on which of the available items of said informationshall be visually displayed or otherwise presented prominently, ordisplayed less prominently, or hidden.

In a development of a further embodiment of the present invention thefeature of displaying process information distributed between layers iscombined with the feature of designated views arranged with a tab. Thusfor example during a particular operation, for example an optimizationtask, the layer function may used to select that a layer of the processgraphic shall be visible or not visible. Thus a layer comprising aprocess flow function or a process control function or a location schemamay on selection be switched display visible or not visible by means oflayers. This may be arranged for different functions, configuration,maintenance, optimization or for different operations, for example startup, trouble shooting, change of operation state and so on.

Methods of the invention may be supervised, controlled or carried out byone or more computer programs. One or more microprocessors (orprocessors or computers) comprise a central processing unit CPUconnected to or comprised in one or more of the above described controlunits, which processors, PLCs or computers perform the steps of themethods according to one or more aspects of the invention, as describedfor example for operating or controlling a system as described withreference to FIGS. 7, 8. It is to be understood that the computerprograms for carrying out methods according to the invention may also berun on one or more general purpose industrial microprocessors or PLCs orcomputers instead of one or more specially adapted computers orprocessors.

The computer program comprises computer program code elements orsoftware code portions that make the computer or processor perform themethods using equations, algorithms, data, stored values, calculations,synchronisations and the like for the methods previously described, andfor example in relation to the flowcharts of FIGS. 7, 8, and/or to thegraphic user interfaces of FIGS. 1, 4 a, 4 b. A part of the program maybe stored in a processor as above, but also in a ROM, RAM, PROM, EPROMor EEPROM chip or similar memory means. The or some of the programs inpart or in whole may also be stored locally (or centrally) on, or in, amemory storage device of a control system, and/or on suitable computerreadable medium such as a magnetic disk, CD-ROM or DVD disk, hard disk,magneto-optical memory storage means, in volatile memory, in flashmemory, as firmware, or stored on a data server. Other known andsuitable media, including removable memory media, a USB memory stick andother removable flash memories, hard drives etc. may also be used. Theprogram may also in part be supplied or updated from a data network,including a public network such as the Internet.

It should be noted that while the above describes exemplifyingembodiments of the invention, there are several variations andmodifications which may be made to the disclosed solution withoutdeparting from the scope of the present invention as defined in theappended claims.

The invention claimed is:
 1. An industrial control system comprising: aprocessor, a memory and a display device, wherein the memory comprisescomputer program instructions configured to present a graphical userinterface using the display, the graphical user interface comprising aplurality of process graphics comprising one or more software objectsfor controlling and/or monitoring real world objects controlled by saidcontrol system, arranged such that elements of one or more of thesoftware objects or part thereof are displayed on an interface displayedon said display device, the graphical user interface comprising a mainview comprising a first said process graphic in a window, which firstsaid process graphic is a member of a predetermined group of processgraphics, the main view comprising a designated view comprising one ormore tabs directly linked to other members of the predetermined group insaid industrial control system, such that selecting one of the tabs on adesignated view of a main view with a process graphic allows the user tonavigate to one of the predetermined group of process graphics, the userinterface further comprising computer hardware and software elementsconfigured to receive input to select a tab arranged on at least onedesignated view.
 2. The industrial control system according to claim 1,wherein the user interface comprises computer hardware and softwareelements for loading a new process graphic into the main view of theselected tab.
 3. The industrial control system according to claim 1,wherein the user interface comprises computer hardware and softwareelements for automatically displaying one or more selected tabsdependent on said process graphic displayed on the interface and apredetermined logical or common process context link between one or moreprocess graphics.
 4. The industrial control system according to claim 1,wherein the user interface comprises computer hardware and softwareelements for automatically displaying, on a tab comprising a staticreference to a process graphic, a dynamic information display or adynamic value.
 5. The industrial control system according to claim 1,further comprising: computer program instructions for automaticallycomparing any new objects found in a designated view with criteria anddetermining a logical grouping of a new object.
 6. The industrialcontrol system according to claim 1, further comprising: computerprogram instructions for automatically determining a logical grouping ofa new object and storing tab information for the new object according tothe logical grouping so determined.
 7. The industrial control systemaccording to claim 1, further comprising: computer program instructionsfor automatically displaying one or more selected tabs dependent on atask for an operator, the task comprising any from the group of: startup, operate, change operation, alarm handling tasks, specific processrelated tasks, maintenance, shut down.
 8. The industrial control systemaccording to claim 1, further comprising: computer program instructionsfor automatically displaying one or more selected tabs which aredisplayed dependent on a status of a process controlled by said controlsystem, the status comprising any from the group of: start, run, processchange, event, alarm, stop, offline, configuration or maintenance,simulation.
 9. The industrial control system according to claim 1,further comprising: computer program instructions for automaticallydisplaying one or more selected tabs which are displayed dependent on astatus of a process controlled by said control system, the statuscomprising any from the group of: start, run, process change, event,alarm, stop, offline, configuration or maintenance, simulation.
 10. Theindustrial control system according to claim 1, wherein the userinterface comprises computer hardware and software elements forhighlighting a tab in the designated view based on which said processgraphic is currently displayed in the interface.
 11. The industrialcontrol system according to claim 10, wherein the user interfacecomprises display elements configured to automatically display on a taba dynamic value for the number of active alarms for a process section.12. A computer and a display device comprised in an industrial controlsystem, which system further comprises a plurality of process graphicscomprising at least one software object for controlling and/ormonitoring real world objects controlled by said control system,arranged such that elements of at least a portion of at least one of thesoftware objects are displayed on an interface displayed on said displaydevice, said user interface comprising elements configured to generateand display in a graphical user interface a main view comprising a firstsaid process graphic in a window comprising a designated view, thedesignated view comprising at least one tab, wherein first said processgraphic is a member of a predetermined group of process graphics,wherein the tabs are directly linked to other members of thepredetermined group of process objects, such that selecting one of theat least one tab on the designated view of a process graphic allows theuser to navigate to one of the predetermined group of process graphics,the computer and display device further comprising computer elements oruser interface elements configured to receive input to select a tabarranged on at least one designated view.
 13. The computer and displaydevice according to claim 12, further comprising: computer elements oruser interface elements configured to determine selection of thedesignated view by the input to the tab.
 14. The computer and displaydevice according to claim 12, wherein the user interface comprisescomputer hardware and software elements for automatically displaying, ona tab comprising a static reference to a process graphic, a dynamicinformation display or a dynamic value.
 15. The computer and displaydevice according to claim 12, wherein the user interface comprisesdisplay elements configured to automatically display on a tab a dynamicvalue for the number of active alarms for a process section.
 16. Thecomputer and display device according to claim 12, further comprising:computer program instructions for automatically comparing any newobjects found in a designated view with criteria and determining alogical grouping of a new object.
 17. The computer and display deviceaccording to claim 12, further comprising: computer program instructionsfor automatically determining a logical grouping of a new object andstoring tab information for the new object according to the logicalgrouping so determined.
 18. The computer and display device according toclaim 12, further comprising: computer program instructions forautomatically displaying at least one selected tab dependent on a taskfor an operator, the task comprising any from the group of: start up,operate, change operation, alarm handling tasks, specific processrelated tasks, maintenance, shut down.
 19. The computer and displaydevice according to claim 12, further comprised as any from the group ofa: desktop computer including at least one desktop monitor and/or atleast one large screen, a tablet computer, a mobile phone, electronicpaper, a virtual or augmented reality system, a PDA, or a multi-modalinterface.